The North American Continent :: History

The North the Statesn ContinentThere is tremendous difference in the way the inbred Indians used to live off the land and the way American Settlers are destroying the land even as we speak for the purpose of profit. The author of this story is nerve-racking to convey the damage and destruction wrought on by the Europeans in the relatively few years of habitation of the lands of America. The difference is not only heathenish but also spiritual. While Native Indians viewed the land on which they lived as sacred, the European settlers arrived with the aim of exploitation, not only of the land but also of the homegrown people.When you think about the mental home the continents, beginning with Pangaea, how the landscape must have been very beautiful in its most natural setting. Imagine the great cud ranges and the incredible forests and natural hillsides and plains and prairies that make up the countryside. It must have been breathtaking to be able to see the landscape of present da y America in its natural state. As the water table began to recede, the first humans began to cross the Bering Straight to inhabit North America and South America. Travel to South America was made possible thought the Isthmus of Panama. Only now are we beginning to appreciate what the Native Indians were trying to convey to us. Native Indians have been animateness off the land and had not desire for industry or great wealth. They did not have a significant impact on the landscape. Europeans consumed the land forth from the Indians starting with gold and silver. Vegetables such as potatoes and squash and tomatoes found their way back to Europe as did plants for medicines.Some of the more impressive aspects of the native Indians were the creation of many languages and many cultures. They expressed their creativity in their poetry and dance and rituals and ceremonies. Some rituals could last for days. The first Europeans had to be amazed to witness the exotic rituals that had never b een seen before. Some Indians had tried diplomatic approaches to the intruding Europeans. One had formally spoken to the United States senate and another had negotiated with the French and the British.The significance is that the Indians lived off the land where there is no industry, no air pollution, no water pollution, and no deforestation. On the contrary, the Europeans came to establish colonies for the purpose of exploiting the land and people too.

History of Tea in Japan and the Japanese Tea Ceremony Essay examples --

According to Brown, tea is classified among the most significant non-alcoholic beverage across the globe. It has gained fame as a result of its benefits. tea is an inclusive aspect of the workaday life of the Japanese individual attributable to its ceremonial and ritual characteristics. It has been treated as a cultural beverage and consumed in a refined atmosphere. Tea drinking in Japan has undergone refinement under the support of the shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa. He was the regarded as the first ruler-patron of the tea ceremony. Since historical times, tea was incorporated as an component of an independent secular ceremony. Over the past 5,000 years, the Japan have consumed green tree which acts as a beverage and a medicine (121). This paper focuses on tea in Japan, with various subtopics and its relevance among the Zen. History of TeaAccording to De Bary, Keen, and Tanabe, the history of tea in Japan dates back to the early Heian period, after it was introduced by monks including Kukai and Saicho. In 815, Emperor Saga permitted the production of tea in several provinces of Japan. During this period, tea drinking was normally admired and adopted by two elite classes in Japan. First, the nobles at the emperors court who copied their Chinese counterparts. They commended the teas taste and the stylish methods of its preparation and service. Second, the monks, in Buddhist temples valued tea as a result of its medicinal value (388). Hara asserts that the Chinese were responsible for introducing tea in Japan, probably during the eighth century. In the early 7th century, Japanese monks traveled to China for educational purposes of studying Buddhism. The Chan School, which was referred to as Zen in Japan, incorporated extensive medit... ...es of Japanese Tradition From Earliest Times through the Sixteenth Century. freshly York Columbia University Press, 2001. Print.Deal, William E. Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan. New York Oxford University P ress, 2005. Print. Ellington, Lucien. Japan. Santa Barbara, CA ABC-CLIO, 2009. Print. Gleason, Carrie. The Biography of Tea. New York Crabtree Publishing Company, 2007. Print.Hara, Yukihiko. Green Tea wellness Benefits and Applications. New York CRC Press, 2001. Print. Kleiner, Fred. Gardners Art through the Ages A Global History (13th ed). Boston, MA Cengage Learning, 2010. Print. Martin, Laura. Tea The Drink that Changed the World. North Clarendon, Vermont Tuttle Publishing, 2007. Print. Varley, H.Paul, and Kumakura, Isao. Tea in Japan Essays on the History of Chanoyu. Honolulu University of Hawaii Press, 1989. Print.

Comparing Virtue and Vice in Garrick’s Romeo and Juliet and Bowdler’s R

Virtue versus vice is of great concern in the 18th century, an issue that causes a major shift in the presentation of plays on the stage. coif writers adapted well-known plays to meet the criteria and expectations of the time. Contributing to the overall word sense of virtue on stage is the enforcement of decency and cleanliness by both the ruling class and the audience. A famed actor of the time, David Garrick, not only abided by these rules but also worked them to his advantage. Garrick packed theater houses with his talent and versatility as an actor, while at the same time promoting an acceptance of cleaner versions of plays. Many of these adapted plays were by Shakespeare, though Garrick himself wrote plays that were as universally accepted. Audiences today may criticize the inadequacy of these adaptations, but during the 18th century audiences anticipate and loved them. What were these changes exactly and where did they originate? Garrick himself does not begin this movemen t towards virtue, but simply accepts the changes present. In 1698, Jeremy Collier wrote A Short View of the Immortality and Profaneness of the English Stage. This piece strongly attacks the current conditions of the theater and the various immoral works by certain authors currently published. The Longman Anthology of British Literature writes, by portraying ugliness in ways that give delight, Jeremy Collier argued contemporary plays cultivated in their audiences the vices of their characters (2270 Longman Anthology of British Literature). These authors include such notable minds as John Dryden, William Congreve and William Wycherley. Collier especially criticizes the grim use of language and the abuse of clergy all of which, he felt, manage... ...sctn=1Garrick, David. The Dramatic Works of David Garrick, Esq. Vo. 1 London, 1798.Greenbalt, ed. The Norton Shakespeare Based on theOxford Edition. New York London, 1997.Frye, Northrop. Essay date 1986. crisscross W. Scott, ed. pgs 5 75-579.Hume, Robert D. Before the Bard Shakespeare in Early Eighteenth-Century London. ELH 64.1 (1997) 41-75.November 14, 2000. <http//muse.jhu.edu/journals/elh/v064/64.1hume.html.Jameson, Anna Brownell. Essay date 1833. Mark W. Scott, ed. pgs 423-425.Knight, Joseph. David Garrick Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800. Vol. 15. November 7, 2000.http//galenet.com/serv/LitRC/hitsc=1&b=17171779&savedsrch=&NR=Garrick&OP=contains&DT=Author+RE.Scott, Mark W. ed. Shakespeare Criticism. Kansas City Gale look Company, 1987.Ulrici, Hermann. Essay date 1847. Mark W. Scott, ed. pgs 427-428.

Uniqueness and Universality in Tess of the DUbervilles :: Tess of the dUrbervilles Essays

Uniqueness and Universality in Tess of the DUbervilles She can flirt, she can listen, she can sympathize, she can work with her hands. (Hardy 131) The above line from Hardys Tess of the dUrbervilles demonstrates a great deal well-nigh the themes of the novel as well as the character of Tess. The line reprinted above is supposed to reveal the versatility of Tess character. However, it also reveals a good deal that helps us generalize Hardys central theme of the book. This is because the versatility of Tess persona is what makes her unique. However, she is purity, fortitude, wo while and suffering personified. N mavintheless, she is herself and no other person, unlike any other woman. This contrast of her universal qualities but her individual differences is epoch-making to understanding one of Hardys core themes if not the core theme in the novel Tess is a symbol of the common predicament of all public-we are meant to suffer, do and repealure. However, despite this universalit y Tess pain is made to seem unique by Hardys skill. In her unique vitality and versatility we understand the universality and unique phenomena of tragedy. The character of Tess is one that symbolizes the positive aspects of life, but she represents the unrealized potential that is within all human beings as much as she comes to symbolize how so very often we end up differently than we might. Of course, her universality is also embodied within the Christian community wherein she exists, but she also represents as do others in the novel the irreligious nature of mankind underneath the surface of social appearances. Like the line reprinted at the outset, Tess unique nature despite being an example of common mankind is also evidenced when she rejects the vicar and his church. The vicar refuses to give her child a Christian burial and Tess replies, Then I dont like you, she burst out, and Ill never come to your church again (Hardy 147). However, this is not meant to generate Tess reje cting God or men of God, but, instead, it is designed to show us how sensitive and clear-headed Tess is when facing those who are so heartless that even when they are a man of God they could heartlessly act. She once again symbolizes the common lot of mankind (to be sensitive to heartlessness and human deprivation), but she also symbolizes a

Gay Marriage and Hawaii Sovereignty :: Politics Political Gays Hawaii Essays

Lesbian/gay work sits on a lily pad. The lily pad is the foundation, the Kanaka Maoli struggle the beautiful pink bloom of youth is the lesbian/gay work. Kuumeaaloha Gomes (1)Its a big industry, the exotification of Hawaii and its people, making it into every white mans paradise. Its nice now that we discombobulate ownership of our own stories.Lois-Ann Yamanaka (2)Hawaii is arrival. To arrive in Hawaii is to follow all of history, superstar group at a time. To the Kanaka Maoli, the people who first traveled in ancient times across the ocean in canoes and small boats from Polynesia, Hawaii was the promised land. It was the end of their pilgrimage, the land of powerful spirits and gods in need of worship. The Kanaka Maoli develop a complex society around this new land and these new spirits a free society built around peace, love, and worship of nonpareils homeland. This way of life flourished for thousands of years, until the arrival of Christian missionaries in the 18th and 19th centuries declared their freedom evil, their nakedness vile, and their gods false. Christianity flooded the shores of the islands, pulling with it white entrepreneurs, who toughened up massive farms and plantations to take advantage of Hawaiis unique agriculture, and Japanese workers for those plantations, with whom Christianity gained its strongest base in the islands. Then came the political opportunists, who in less than one century pulled the Hawaiian monarchy up to its highest levels of Western pomp and circumstance, only to tear it down again with the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani in 1893 with help from the United States political relation (who later annexed the island chain). Next came the arrival of the expatriates the tourists the haoles (whites) who saw Hawaii as nothing more than a tropical novelty or an escape from their stress-filled lives back on the mainland. Statehood came quickly in 1959, as did immigrants from the Phillipines and Korea. I came in 1995, with my haole military family, to a land that would become my adopted home the way it had for so many others. I found a land carved up like a puzzle each person, each culture, each idea holding onto their piece with the depart of God or gods. Today, there are many Hawaiis. Depending on where you go, you can witness the poor, the rich, the privileged, the oppressed, the loud, the silent, the passive, and the active.

Process Essay - How to Write a Good Essay :: Process Essays

Process Essay - How to Write a Good EssayI present the following stewed down into the form of a list it may be easily understood by all teachers of writing, even those whose first name is for all intents and purposes Coach.1. realize a sheet of paper. This law is thought by some to have been superceded by the advent of com puzzleer technology. However, it is still an important first step in that it leads to the following2. Sit at a desk with the paper on it, scribbling senseless doodles, silly faces, and, if you are so inclined, the name of an object of affection surrounded by hearts, flowers, and, again if you are so inclined, barbed wire. 3. Start feeling guilty for wasting so much time and begin staring off into aloofness waiting for the muse to start blowing you kisses or for inspiration to shoot a lightning bolt through the top of your head. 4. Hum.5. Begin tearing pieces of the paper off and put them in your m come to the foreh. Chew. Swallow if necessary.6. Now that you are canvasy to write your first draft, turn on your computer and/or word processor and begin cruising the mesh or wiping dust off of your screen with the aforementioned paper or your thumb, whichever is more convenient. 7. Remember that youve done no research. Go to the shelf and pick up a volume of the World Book Encyclopedia, preferably P-R. Q always has some interesting topics in it. 8. Finally settle--after combing through a few more volumes--on something to do with Wombats.9. Remember that the instructor actually gave you a list of possible topics from which to choose.10. Search in vain for the list of possible paper topics your instructor gave you from which to choose. 11. previse up your friend who is also taking the class and beg her for the list. 12. Meet for coffee. Forget about the list. 13. Call her the next day and ask her to just read a few of the topics over the phone to you. 14. Listen in horror as she says You did know this paper is due tomorrow, didnt you?15. Go t o the library.16. Research by checking out randomly selected books on vaguely related topics. 17. Highlight like mad.18. Look at the stack of books for a good long while.

Nineteen Eighty Four †Dystopian Society Essay

In the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four George Orwell created the dystopian society of Oceania, where the government has complete lead of the run-in used by citizens. Aside from individuals of lower social class called the Proles, the Party constantly watches everyone. In an attempt to eliminate any chances of rebellion against the Party, they created the new expression of Newspeak. Newspeak eliminates any controversial words along with all synonyms, antonyms and verbs. By doing this, the government has gained the power of meaning.Syme, a specialist in Newspeak tells the main character Winston exactly what control Newspeak has allowed the Party to have. Dont you see the whole aim of Newspeak is the narrow the range of thought? In the end we shall all make thoughtcrime literally impossible, because in that respect will be no words in which to express it. (Orwell 54). Along with that, the Party also has complete control of written language by mend history related documents to match th e history that is in favor of this political power.The altering of these documents is what happens to be Winstons job. While at work Winston pondered the power of organism able to control the past, coming to a startling realization. As written by the narrator of the novel, the past, he reflected had not only been altered, it had actually been destroyed. For how could you establish make up the most obvious fact when there existed no record outside your own memory? (Orwell 36).On top of being historically mislead, citizens are dependant of express any thought of their own or any way to voice against the Party. When you no truthful record for the past, the past doesnt exist. When you have no words to associate with a meaning, the meaning behind the word then vanishes just like the political history of Oceania. For these reasons, a society with government confine verbal and written language is one that proves to be dystopian.

Langston Hughes and the Harlem Renaissance

Longboats Hughes and the Harlem Renaissance Harlem Renaissance was undoubtedly a cultural and social-political attempt for the African American race. The Renaissance was umpteen things to people, but it is best described as a cultural movement in which the high level of downcast artistic cultural production, demanded and received recognition. Many African American writers, medicineians, poets, and leaders were able to express their creativity in many agencys in reaction to their social condition. Until the Harlem Renaissance, poem and literature were dominated by the blank people and were all ab erupt the white culture.One writer in particular, Longboats Hughes, broke through with(predicate) those barriers that very(prenominal) few African-American artists had done before this period. Longboats Hughes played a major role and was a tremendous influence on African-American culture end-to-end the United States during the era of the Harlem Renaissance. He has written many poems that were influenced during the Harlem Renaissance, Trumpet Player and Harlem. From my perspective these poems expressed his rhythmic style and his connection to the Harlem Renaissance.In the sasss and early sasss, there was an African American cultural movement hat took place in the neighborhood of Harlem, new York. It is variously known as the Harlem Renaissance, the Black Literary Renaissance, or the New Negro Movement. This movement developed at the end of World War I in 1918, blossomed in the middle to late sasss, and faded in the mid sasss. There were several things that contributed to the rise of this snip period, after segregation was made legal in the South, it made living conditions intolerable for African-Americans. They were powerless before the rightfulness and less than human in the eyes of many whites (Harlem Renaissance 954). This caused a colossal migration to the northwestward which seemed absolutely necessary for African-Americans. There was an industrial e xplosion occurring in the North and it was creating a demand for labor. Many settled in northern cities such as Chicago, Philadelphia, and Cleveland, but New York was the destination for roughly. This migration to the North was a extensive breakthrough for African-Americans and was the beginning of the cultural movement, the Harlem Renaissance.The Harlem Renaissance was also considered as a literary movement led by the African-Americans. It was a time of African-American creativity in literature, music, dance, and art. This movement created amazing opportunities for African-Americans, they were able to pursue their hopes and dreams without being discriminated against. They persevered and finally received what they hoped and dreamed of from white society. African-Americans received better education, more than employment opportunities, and were more acknowledged in the performing arts. African Americans worked not only with a new star of confidence and purpose but also with a sens e of achievement never before experienced by so many blacken artists in the Eng, troubled history of the peoples of African descent in North America (Harlem Renaissance 953). During this time the black culture was becoming more popular and accepted by non-blacks. The Harlem Renaissance was main(prenominal) to African- Americans because it was the prototypical major note towards equality. Many African-Americans began to write during this time and began getting noticed for their writings. Some common themes represented during the Harlem Renaissance were the influence of the experience of slavery and emerging African- American sept traditions on black identity, the effects of institutional racism, the lemmas inherent in performing and writing for elite white audiences, and the question of how to convey the experience of modern black life in the urban North (Wisped, Harlem Renaissance). In many of the writings that I have read from the Harlem Renaissance era, they truly depicted th eir struggles and experiences through their writings.There were legion(predicate) famous poets that emerged from this era, Longboats Hughes was one of the most famous poets and writers of this time. His poems were mainly about his hereditary pattern and also the experiences of Africans. Hughes was a great writer with much diversity in his types of writings. His poetry was a way for us to see a picture of urban life during the Harlem Renaissance, the habits, attitudes, and feelings of his oppressed people. These poems did more than reveal the pain of poverty, it also illustrated racial superciliousness and dignity. His main concern was the uplift of his people, whose strengths, resiliency, courage, and humor he wanted to record as part of the general American experience (Wisped, Longboats Hughes). Hughes was not ashamed of his heritage and his main theme, black is beautiful, was expressed and shared to the world through his poetry. During the literary movement, music was central t o the cultural movement of the Harlem Renaissance, which was a main feature of Hughes poetry.He had an burning(prenominal) technical influence by his emphasis on folk, Jazz, and blues rhythms as the basis of his poetry of racial pride. Hughes used this unique style of writing because it was important to him to have the readers feel and experience what they were reading, to recognize the covert rhetoric in lyric meaner to appreciate the overlap between emotive and discursive poetry. Rooted in song, the lyric reestablishes the ritual of human communion (Miller 52). The poem that I felt up reflected Languors lyrical style and expressed the struggles of his people was, Trumpet Player.After reading it many times quietly, aloud, and with music I was able to truly understand the meaning that was portrayed through this poem. The trump card pseud in this poem was The Negro who sat on the stage, playing his trump card, and telling us his story about the past and present struggles of his life. In the first stanza where Longboats mentions Has dark moons of weariness Beneath his eyes, tells me that he has been through many things throughout his life ND by looking at him you can see the struggles he has faced.The line that follows gives you an insight to what he remembers and his violent past, Where the burn memory of slave ships blazed to the crack of the whips about his thighs. After reading the first stanza youve learned about the trumpet player and the life that he has lived. The Negro continues to play with the trumpet at his lips, has a head of vibrant hair tamed down, Patent-leathered now, Until it gleams handle Jet- Were jet a crown. In this stanza I felt that Longboats showed the beauty of the trumpet player despite the struggles he has faced.With music playing an important role in Languors style of writing and in the trumpet players life, he expresses this in the troika stanza The music, From the trumpet at his lips, Is honey, Mixed with liquid fire. The m usic that the trumpet player plays is like honey to him, it is easy and feels good, mixed with liquid fire meaning it is besotted and powerful at the same time. Longboats goes on to explain how important the trumpet is for the trumpet player. He describes the rhythm as ecstasy, distilled from old desire, by using the word ecstasy Longboats expresses how moving and pleasurable the music is to the rumple player. Distilled from old desire reflects that the trumpet player has always had the desire to play, and even though his desire has senior he still has it within his soul to play. Within the fourth stanza Longboats goes deeper into detail about how deep the desire within the trumpet player really is. Desire, That is proclivity for the moon, Where the moonlights but a spotlight In his eyes, I felt that in this line Longboats is telling us that the trumpet player longs for great things as high as the moon, but for him it is unreachable and will only be a spotlight in his eye.He als o amperes his desire, longing for the sea, where the seas a bar-glass, sucker size of it it is another way of telling us that his desires, hopes, and dreams are as big as the sea, but living the life of oppression it will only be the size of a small glass. The fifth stanza allows us to create an image in our mind what the trumpet player looks and feels as he is playing the trumpet. He is standing there with his Jacket that has a fine one-button roll, playing his trumpet without reading music from a page. Does not know Upon what riff the music slips, I saw this line to be powerful, the trumpet layer plays and creates music from within his mind and soul, his gift of music is so profound it emanates right out of him without reading a single note. Its hypodermic needle to his soul, Longboats also describes the intense feeling he gets as he plays, almost like a drug, maybe even painful to his soul. But softly, as the tune comes from his throat, Trouble Mellows to a luxurious note, this last stanza defines for us why the trumpet player plays.Even though he has faced oppression, a violent past, desperation, and struggle the trumpet player uses the music to mellow his soul and invert his pain to a golden note. Throughout this poem Longboats Hughes was able to express using his Jazz-like structure and musical flow, the struggles, past and present, that his people have faced throughout their life. Another poem that I felt truly depicted the feelings of African-Americans during the Harlem Renaissance era is, Harlem (Dream Deferred). It is a poem about the dreams slaves had while being on the plantations as well as in the streets of Harlem.Throughout the poem, we are not quite sure what the dream is but we are aware of the negative effects dreams can have when they are deferred. Longboats captured me with his first line What happens to a dream deferred? He speaks of the African- Americans from the plantations, who have dreams but are being suppressed by oppressing forc es. Racism dividing whites and blacks from any type of equality in America allowing them to have dreams but holding them back to enough to never fulfill those dreams.He continues to ask what will happen to this dream does it dry up like a raisin in the sun, he uses the example off raisin because they start out as a plump Juicy grape, but transform into something dissimilar once they are left out to ray. I felt that Longboats wanted us to know that his people had dreams, but the mistreatment and belief of black inferiority from the white slave masters eventually caused those dreams to shrivel up like a raisin and lose their meaning.He then asks could it fester like a sore and then bleed, meaning does the dream pick at you like a wound or sore, but if nothing is done to heal that sore, or to reach your dream, does it drive away from you. Longboats gives a very descriptive image to the point you can almost feel and smell what would happen to your dream if it was deferred, Does it ti nt like stinking meat, the dream becomes so stagnate it begins to turn fowl. In the line could it crust and sugar over like a syrupy sweet felt that Longboats was saying that dreaming was sweet in the inside but crusted over and became harder to reach from the outside.When Longboats said maybe it Just sags like a big(p) load, he meant these dreams started to weigh on his peoples hearts, it became a burden to have any dreams. The last question of the poem Or does it explode? stands out the most to me, you have a dream that you dreamed of so much that it leaves you in espalier and escapes you. Longboats Hughes wrote this poem during a time when African-Americans were enduring injustice, and feeling there was no way to reach forward.I felt he truly captured what it was like for African-Americans at that time and how they were treated. Harlem Renaissance was a time when many African-Americans depicted their struggles and experiences through writing. It was a time that brought out man y great changes and it allowed African-Americans to express their culture without fear and shame. This movement changed the way African-Americans were seen by whites, and he black culture became more accepted. Many great writers came about during this time, one of which was Longboats Hughes.His poetry was a dependable reflection of the African-American culture and Harlem. He was influenced by the struggles presented in the Harlem Renaissance, which was expressed through his poem Harlem (Dream Deferred). He also emphasized how music replenished the soul through emotional connections by the use of form and language through his poem Trumpet Player. Longboats Hughes had a true connection to the Harlem Renaissance, he helped define he spirit of the age through his lyrical style and brilliant writings.

Is Green House Gases And Global Warming A Real Threat? Essay

Human beings atomic number 18 about to encounter the worst catastrophe apart from the bubonic plague which char encountererized the middle ages. This terror is the global warming. So many people are still on the debate on whether global warming is taking set up and also on the potential cause it has on the environment. However, most scientists and researchers are in agreement that, global warming is already taking place and it is going to increase uncontrollably in future. The world leaders have an option to view it as a real threat to the creation of man or decide to dissolve it to the detrimental of the human race (Phil, par 1).Though some have doubted the existence of green syndicate gases and global warming, this essay shows that they are indeed are reality. Lately, the world has been characterized by so many debates on whether global warming is real or non, debate that does not exclude even the scientists. There are several facts that scientifically prove that global wa rming is real. These include several human activities that lead to emission of certain gases in the air, for example fuel burning. animated of fuels such as coal and wood emit gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide (Phil, par 2-4). These are what are called green house gases.enquiry shows that the count of these gases emitted in the air is increasing in the tune. These gases absorb suns radiation and this means that the amount or radiation in the atmosphere is increasing, resulting to the increase of atmospheric temperatures. This increase of temperatures has been associated with natural disasters such as flooding, crops failing and ice ages. Since people now know that global warming is real, they whitethorn not know all its impacts but they are sure that these impacts are going to be detrimental to the existence of human race and thus people cannot happen upon that it is not happening (Phil, par 2-4).In addition, a new green house gas has been discovered and identifie d and it is express to be potent. Trifluoromethyl sulfur pentafluoride is said to worsen the global warming process since it is 18,000 propagation confident of trapping the suns heat in the atmosphere (BBC News, par 3). The scientists who discovered it went boost to say that the gas has been in the atmosphere for the last 40 years but its molecules continue to increase in number at the rate of 6% every year. Although its level is still low, its effects are significant to global warming process (BBC News, par 4- 5).One thing that is really frightening is the effects and consequences of these gases and the global warming at large. First, the temperature in the world is staggeringly increasing and it allow continue to rise up, resulting to climatic changes all over the world. This will unimpeachably lead to increase in the amount of rainfall in some areas while other areas will be deprived of it hence farming will be negatively affected. Food growing seasons in some areas will sh orten while in other areas will lengthen. This will make it as well difficult to predict the changes in the climate (Phil, par.3). Another consequence will be the melting of the diametric ice caps and this will take place at a higher rate than expected, hence making the oceans to rise slowly. It may lead to another Tsunami and people living in the coastal cities will be forced to move or evacuate the areas to other areas on raised ground. No one can predict the height that the oceans will increase up to, but the fact is that more(prenominal) land meant for human habitation will decrease. Consequently, the land in stock(predicate) for farming will reduce and this will affect the amount of food produced for the survival of man.To make the matters worse, already most people do not engage in farming activities. The moment the little land available for these activities reduces, man will by all odds starve (Phil, par 4). In addition, the melting of polar ice will decrease the reflecti on of sunlight back to the space, causation the earths temperature to increase at a very high rate. Just beneath these receding caps, in that respect is organic matter which if exposed to the air, will also emit these gases. This will definitely complement the human activities that lead to the same.The warming on the earth surface will lead to more polar ice melting and this will affect the oceans in two ways. First, the oceans will be diluted, this referring to the desalination of the waters (Phil, par 5-6). Secondly, the temperature of these ocean waters will go down due to the water that is coming from the ice. Consequently, the ocean currents will be affected and since the ecosystem in the world is known to be regulated by these currents, there is bound to be another ice age in the world. Global warming will lead to another ice ageThis poses the question on whether man is equipped enough to survive years of ice age. No one knows for sure when this will occur but one thing is a fact the agriculture that is being practiced right now cannot sustain man during that period of ice age. This threatens the existence of man since ice age is capable of causing his extinction (Phil, par 5-6). Research shows that naturally, ice age follows the cycle of increases in temperatures. However, this time the temperature increases are not natural but man-made. The green house gases that are released into the atmosphere are man-made.Due to this, the scientists believe that the expected ice age will occur unexpectedly sooner as compared to other times in history (Phil, par 7). Moreover, the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) carried out a research and the finding confirmed that, these green house gases are a real problem and a threat to the future generations. The administrator of the agency, Lisa Jackson, read the statement and said that the levels the gases have reached are very high compared to the past and this accounts for the young droughts, flooding and storms that h ave been experienced in the world.This climate change worsens the problems that man is currently facing for example poverty, environmental degradation, conflicts due to water scarcity and generally, friendly tensions (Condon, par 3-8). In the 1986, scientists from eleven countries came out to warn the humanity over their increasing activities that result to global warming. These activities include deforestation, burning of fossil fuels and automobile use. The activities compound the effects of green house gases.Inter governmental panel on climate change (IPCC) predicted that the amount of Carbon emissions in the air will picture by the year 2100, catapulting the temperature levels from 2 to 10 degrees centigrade (Enotes, par 1-5). This will account for the futures heat waves, hurricanes, wildfires among other extreme weather conditions which result to more deaths, economic crisis and infectious diseases. Years 1990s can bear witness to these predictions since it was the hottest d ecade ever.For example, in the year 1998 in England, four million people were left field without power due to ice storm that characterized the month of January. The same year, Brazil and Mexico reported fires in their rain forests for the first time heat waves characterized Middle eastern United States and also Texas, and unexpected windstorm led to Europe to incur damages costing $4 billion in the following year (Enotes, par 1-5). A genuine thing is that, man is not in control over the reality of global warming. So, in other words, he is left with the option of either to act or not to, to mitigate the effects of global warming.If man decides to act irrespective of whether global warming is real or not, he will definitely have 50% assurance of existence but if he decides not to act, the vice versa is also true (Phil, par 7). Conclusion In conclusion, the world may be divided over the reality of global warming and green house gases but the fact is that, global warming has been prov en to take place and the world has started to feel its effects. The future has also promised the devastating consequences of this process if man does not act and hence it is a real threat to the future generations and the existence of man.Work Cited BBC. New Green House Gas Threat. BBC News. 27 July, 2000. Web. 6 July, 2010, . Condon, Stephanie. EPA Calls Green House Gases a Public Threat. CNET News. 17 April, 2009, . Enotes. Is Global warming a threat? Enotes, 2010. Web. 6 July, 2010, . Phil, B. Global Warming Mankinds Greatest Threat. Phil for Humanity. get out for the Survival of Humankind and Improving the World, connection and Yourself, 2010.Web. 6 July, 2010, . Phil, B. Proving Global Warming. Phil for Humanity. Guide for the Survival of Humankind and Improving the World, Society And Yourself, 2010. Web. 6 July, 2010, . Phil, B. Why We Must Ac to Prevent Global Warming, 2010. Phil for Humanity. Guide for the Survival of Humankind and Improving the World, Society and Yourself , 2010. Web. 6 July, 2010, .

Marketing and the Apple Watch Essay

selling occurs inwardly an physical composition when consumers needs, wants and demands atomic number 18 met with the exchange of a product (Kotler & Armstrong, 1991). The concept is organisation wide, and particularly important when new products argon introduced within a market. Customer valuate is an important aspect of market, as it aids in exploring what the consumers perceived needs and wants are. Customer assess spate be defined as the benefits gained, and sacrifices made in set to purchase a product. The main sources of jimmy created by the organisation are functional/instrumental repute, existential/hedonic encourage, symbolic/expressive value and cost/sacrifice value. In this paper we result be looking towards the fore coming apple keep abreast as an example.Marketing is an extremely broad concept. Therefore when attempting to define the term, the diverse marrows it has for many different people and groups must be acknowledged. (Kotler, Shaw, FitzRoy, Chandle r, 1983). The term at its union relates to much more than just the selling and advertising of products. The desired aim is for products or services to be revealed in a stimulating manner for two indirect and direct customers of the organisation. The common misconception of the term marketing is that its core element is to simply sell a product or service. However, marketing as a business philosophy is adopted passim the whole organisation, and through all levels of management (Keelson, 2012). It is an approach where the customers wants and needs must be the primary concern throughout all business decisions.Kotler et al (1983) explores the term further by arguing that marketing is the process of using activities and institutions that enable communication, throw in the towelance and the exchange of offerings that provide value for a wide array of customers, as thoroughly as society at large. Marketing has some fundamental notions attached to it the counterbalance and foremost be human needs, relating to people feeling deprived by not possessing goods or services (Kotler & Armstrong, 1991). Human needs are intricate and come in abundance, and from these perceived needs human wants are established. Human wants are largely dep break offent on the needs of humans, as they are molded by individual cultures and reading (Kotler & Armstrong, 1991).Once anindividual desires a product and has the capacity to purchase it, these wants are converted to demands. Most importantly within the process is the exchange, observed as the underlie principle of marketing (Woodall, 2004). Relating to procurement, acquiring the favourable product from a person whilst offering something in return. A product is essentially anything offered to the market in disposition to satisfy their perceived needs and wants (Kotler & Armstrong, 1991).In this case the Apple Watch will be discussed. The product or service will be tell at a specific market, which comprises all potential and act ual buyers (Kotler et al, 1983). The Apple Watch is being leveled at the general public, but more specifically a hyper focus towards previously established Apple users and fans with a propensity for superior goods. These notions are important components of marketing as they provide information for the organisation to gibe what goods and services to offer.Marketing is hugely important to any organisation, regardless of size or type of product and service on offer. The aim of undergoing marketing is to deliver a standard of living to people, providing them with products for when and where they need them (Kotler et al, 1983). The concept of marketing is more often than not propelled by revenue businesses want to add to their profits by satisfying customer needs. Without properly executed marketing functions in place, where the customers needs, wants, and demands are not aligned within the transaction, then the organisation has little chance of achieving a competitive advantage, as c onsiderably as gaining value for themselves. (Keelson, 2012). Using the example of the Apple watch, which has been in production for some time, Apple have been assembling their ideas, whilst observe the results of other rival companies releasing similar versions of the product. Apple have been carefully honing in on the customers needs and wants, and are finally ready to release the end product to expectedly enthusiastic consumers.Customer value essentially is the perceived benefits concluded by the customer, derived from obtaining the product held up against the sacrificesbeing made to acquire the product (Weinstein, 2012). Organisations creating value, furthermore customer value is progressively being seen as a fresh and up to date source of competitive advantage (Woodruff, 1997). Because of this, the creation of customer value is an incredibly significant central concept within marketing (Patterson & Spreng, 1997).However there is not one single agreed upon definition that may be used for customer value, as well as no distinct definitive theory or framework used to emphasize customer value (Weinstein, 2012). Adopting the way in which organisations are able to create value, Smith and Colgate (2007), have developed an innovative framework where four types of value created merely by the organisation are acknowledged these being functional/instrumental value, experiential/hedonic value, symbolic/expressive value and cost/sacrifice value.Functional and instrumental value refers to the buyer purchasing the product and having it complete the function it is juted to do (Smith & Colgate, 2007). More so concerned with the products attributes, performance and outcomes. In order for the Apple watch to attain this value, the sweet watch has to possess all features including accurate time, Wi-Fi, and user-to-user connectivity in a way that is easy to operate and understand, as well as reliable for the consumer. This assessment of value may vary between individuals. The experiential / hedonic value is more removed from the product itself, and more link up to the sensations we receive from the product.More specifically linked to the feelings and emotions we receive, as well as suitable go outs for the customer (Weinstein, 2012). Tim Cook, the CEO of Apple has titled the Apple watch as the most in-person and intimate product yet (Apple, 2015), with the watch alerting you of notifications through a small vibration to your skin. Continuing with sensory value within the watch, Apple have worked with high fashion designers and stylists to ensure the product looks great, as well as releasing a wide array of styles suitable for anyone. Furthermore, the smart watch being one of Apples most aesthetically pleasing products to date, it is believed that consumers will purchase due to pleasure of possessing it (CNET, 2015). This sense of joy and experience holds emotional value for the buyer.Symbolic and expressive value is duly concentrated on the degree in which the customer will bestow or touch on psychological meaning to a specific product. Moreover in terms of self-identity, and whether the product enables the buyer to express their personalities, as well as attaching social meaning (Smith & Colgate, 2007). There are a large variety of Apple watches that may be purchased with differing prices and styles. This gives the buyer plenty of choice, and an ability to express themselves in terms of design in colours, shape of watch, and wristbands. Addressing self-worth and self-identity, aforementioned the watch comes in many styles with different price tags, the 18 carrot gold apple watch could appeal to a person wanting to symbolize prestige, and status, and therefore make the buyer feel good about themselves. However personal meaning is incredibly specific to individuals, and for marketers this can be very difficult to achieve.The cost and sacrifice value related to the things we give up in order to obtain the product, involving t ime, money, personal investments and the risks bear ond (Slater & Narver, 1994). Apple has provided a wide array of prices ranging from AU $499 to $24,000 (CNET, 2015), meaning that people are able to choose the dollar amount they pay. As this is Apples first attempt at marketing a product designed to be worn, the actual purchase experience will vastly differ. Apple employees have been develop to be much more customer focused, asking questions and making the buyer feel comfortable (Apple, 2015).However the product has a high level of personal investment, and risks attached to the actual purchase of product. As the watch remains a part of the modern digital electronic world, there is always the chance that engineering will r ontogenyize quickly and the product will be outdated. Moreover along with purchasing the watch, the buyer must have one of the latest versions of the IPhone in order for the device to be compatible, this limits the market of people buying the product. Whilst th e Apple watch may carry a lot of symbolic, and expressive value, there are even-tempered a lot of risks and costs attached to the product.The relationship that exists between marketing, and customer value is apparent. Organisations are aware that suitable marketing needs to involve more than just promotional hype. It needs to be intertwined with providingreal value to customers. Prior to the actual release of the Apple watch, the brand has been able to find a balance between employing large-scale ads on television as well as high class magazines to gain attention and to conjure interest from the public, whilst still educating consumers on the uncapped features and functions that the watch possesses.Woodruff (1997) alludes to customer value having long acted as a vital principle within modern day marketing as a means to not only gain customer satisfaction, but brand loyalty as well. Organisations employ different philosophies of marketing as a way to discover what the customers need s and wants are, to gain a more complex understanding of what customers value (Slater & Narver, 1994). By having an organisation comprehend their specific target markets, the delivery of customers anticipated satisfactions can be completed in a more efficient and effective manner.In conclusion marketing and customer value are intertwined with each other in terms of achieving organisation success. The consumers needs and wants are delivered through an exchange of product that provides real value to the customer. The consumer will then weigh up the product in terms of costs and benefits. The apple watch has perceived customer value, with the product providing symbolic / expressive value, as well as functional / instrumental value to consumers. However as with any product there are still risks associated with purchasing the product, as well as sacrifices having to be made.ReferencesApple,. (2015). Apple Apple Watch. Retrieved 1 April 2015, from https//www.apple.com/watch/CNET,. (2015) . Apple Watch Release Date, News, Price and Specs CNET. CNET. Retrieved 22 March 2015, from http//www.cnet.com/au/products/apple-watch/Keelson, S. (2012). The evolution of the marketing concepts Theoretically different roads leading to practically same destination. Global Conference On transaction And Finance Proceedings, 7(1).Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (1991). Principles of marketing. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice Hall.Kotler, P., Shaw, R., FitzRoy, P. & Chandler, P. (1983). Marketing in Australia. Sydney Prentice-Hall. Chapter 1, 3-27.Payne, A., & Holt, S. (2001). Diagnosing Customer Value Integrating the Value Process and Relationship Marketing. British Journal Of Management, 12(2), 159-182.Slater, S. F., & Narver, J. C (1994). Market orientation, customer value, and superior performance. Business Horizons, 37(2), 22-28.Smith, J.B. & Colgate, M. (2007). Customer value creation A practical framework, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 15(1), 7-23.Weinstein, A. (2012). Superior customer value. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press.Woodall, T. (2004). Why Marketers Dont Market Rethinking repellent and Defensive Archetypes. Journal Of Marketing Management, 20(5-6), 559-576.Woodruff, R. (1997). Customer value The next source for competitive advantage. Journal Of The Academy Of Marketing Science, 25(2), 139-153.Kotler, Philip, and Gary Armstrong. Principles of Marketing. 8th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall, 1999.Perreault, William D., Jr., and E. Jerome McCarthy. Basic Marketing A Global-Managerial Approach. 13th ed. Boston Irwin/McGraw-Hill, 1999.

A Wrinkle in Time Chapters 1-2 Questions and Answers

Chapter 1 (Q)List all told of jillions bothers. Which one do you think is the most strategic? Why? (A) Meg has many problems such as she is too effusive. Another one of her problems is that she has much trouble at school. A few examples of this would be that her teachers queer to hold her back for her poor academic grades, she is teased very often of acting like a baby at lunch, and she fights when she or a family genus Phallus of hers is insulted all this lowering her position in school. Megs family is also gossiped about.She has a dumb baby brother who is actually very intelligent further considered insane. Her father is also talked about. employ context clues I can infer that Megs father is not home. Meg is also unpresentable, she has unattractive swipe brown hair and revolting braces stuck on her teeth. Another problem is the setting, Meg is in the attic at night-while everyone is sleeping and there have been some(prenominal) hurricane warnings. What makes the situation even worse is that there is a tramp (sometimes called hobos) out on the loose.Personally, I think that Megs most important problem is that she is too hard on herself. I feel this way because not only is she a poor student, with terrible facial looks, and overemotional she makes herself believe that she is all these things. She even tells her cat that she is a monster. The worse she feels the worse she acts around people and the more people talk bad about her. (Q) How is Charles Wallace different from most 5 year olds? (A) Charles Wallace is different from most five year olds in many ways.For starters, he is terribly shy and doesnt talk around unfamiliar people-giving him the repute as a dumb baby brother. His shyness is not the only reason he is considered unintelligent but his lack of language until he was 4. Charles is also different because he is very fluent in English and talks like an adult. He also has a gifted sixth grit to be able to read his sisters and mothers minds. For example, when Meg was getting up to have some cocoa he already knew and was warming some up for her. Chapter 2 (Q) What do you think happened to Megs father?What clues from the hold up support your opinion? (A) I think Megs father was working on an experiment or trying to create a medicine while something went wrong and he never came home. Using clues from the book I can also infer that he is alive and that some people are thinking that he has left the Murray family. My evidence from the book is that Mr. Jenkins is asking if they had head from his father. So that assures me that Mr. Murray is alive. Mr. Jenkins also makes it clear that Mr. Murray was a scientist rising my thoughts that he may have been working on something when

A Birthday Suprise

It was 31st May of 2013 and it was my fathers birthday. He is the type/kind of person who prefers simple dinners with his own family quite of noisy celebration with relatives and friends. It was Friday and after we wished him happy birthday, he went to work. Well my father thought that we were just going to have a dinner as always. tho this is what he knew while my mom and I had organized a birthday surprise. My mom had invited all his close friends and family for a party in the evening. Everything was prepared. Even I passed all the day shopping to buy a present for my father. I couldnt wait till my father came home.Anyway he arrived sooner, I began to make grow dressed. I was extremely excited. My mom had the most difficult task if I can say so. She had to convince him to wear a suit and she made it up. I think that my dad understood that he had missed something. So he began to ask where are we going and why is he wearing a dress. I told him we changed the reservation. But final ly we arrived and everyone was waiting for him. When my father entered in, all began to sing the happy birthday song. I remember the look on his face, extremely surprised and thence flattered. He had teary eyes as we ran to embrace him.Everyone had a wonderful time during fathers birthday bash. Time by time I have a look to those photos we had. It really was a special day. 2 terbilang Bab 9 Juara Songsang (Sabrina Halid) Ahli-ahli Pasukan Zamrud II tidak menyangka bahawa Pasukan Aura Suci bertindak jahat dengan merampas buah cempedak aneh tersebut . Mereka sungguh kecewa . Tiba-tiba Adeen memberitahu mereka bahawa cabaran Pasukan Zamrud II belum berakihir dan mengarahkan mereka mencari pasu emas itu di atas lantai terowong . Pasukan Aura Suci telah dibatalkan penyertaan mereka kerana didapati menggunakan kaedah tidak bermoral terhadap Pasukan Zamrud II.Para ahli Pasukan Zamrud II segera berpatah balik dan mencari pasu emas itu . Pauline menemukan pasu emas itu . Dengan itu , pasuk an Zamrud II telah berjaya ke pusingan kedua . (Danisha Rai ) Para ahli pasukan Pertandingan Avatari untuk bersedia untuk memulakan pusingan kedua . Semasa pertandingan baru berlangsung, Adeen mendapat salah satu cip mikroelektrik penting mesin Avatari sudah hilang. Anggota apsukan Zamrud II mula resah . Adeen yang lebih tertekan . Tiba-tiba Adeen teringat akan Pak cik Tan ada membawa papan litar gentian dan cip yang sama pasti ada di atas papan litar tu .AAdeen bernasib baik kerana papan litar itu masih ada lengkap dengan cip mikroelektrik, Adeen segera memasang cip itu. Para ahli pasukan Zamrud II sudah bersedia untuk berjuang . Mereka telah mendapat jawapan kepada teka silang kata iaitu buaya . Jawapan itu tepat dan avatar Pasukan Zamrud II memasuki kawasan padang pasir . Mereka berada dalam zaman Mesir purba, iaitu pada zaman Firaun. Setelah melepasi halangan daripada ulat besar, mereka akhirnya berjaya sampai ke kawasan bangunan luas. Di situ mereka berjaya menemukan buaya ema s. Adeen mengarahkan ahli pasukkanya pergi ke Kuil Abu Simbel untuk mengutip lebih banyak harta karun .Pasukan Zamrud II berjaya ke pusingan ketiga. ( Diana Syazhanny) Dalam pusingan ketiga, cabarannya ialah bertanding permainan tradisi . Setiap pasukan akan bertanding dengan pasukan lain untuk menentukan pasukan mana yang layak ke pertandingan akhir . Setaip pasukan mesti menguasai sebanyak mungkin permainan . Pauline memilih memanah . AIna memilih congkak . Anas memilih catur . Anjali pula memilh mahjong . Apabila pusingan ketiga tamat, Jepun menduduki tempat pertama , Rusia di tempat kedua , Australia di tempat ketiga dan Amerika Syarikat di tempat keempat .Malysia berkongsi markah dengan Thailand dan Republik Rakyat China . Oleh sebab terdapat tiga pasukan yang layak , maka satu pemecah seri akan diadakan . Halim muncul untuk menetukan pasukan mana yang mendapat tempat kelima untuk ke pertandingan akhir . Setiap pasukan akan diberi satu peluang untuk meneka apa yang ada di dalam genggaman Halim . Thailand meneka guli. China meneka wang syiling . Malysia melalui Aina meneka belalang. Tekaanya tepat . Pasukan Zmrud II layak ke pertandingan akhir .

The Applied Management Project Education Essay

This talent should be comp permited at the terminal of the taught portion of your programme. It is assumed that you let successfully completed the number unitary two semesters of survey and hence cook a thorough appreciation of the taught elements of the programme. You leave be expect to pull on the accomplishment that you pick up achieved in the taught faculties.The Applied focus switch is the concluding assessed piece of sketch of the ruless programme. It is intentional to imitate a realistic postulateion subject of in the flesh(predicate) matters, self-aggrandizing you the chance to direct your tycoon to utilise the cognition and accomplishments acquired by dint of the taught comp angiotensin-converting enzyment of the class. The intent is to convey in concert the taught elements of the programme, re-enforcing their relationships enabling you to travel from the taste of a distinct cognition base to synthesizing and querying freshly countries in more(pre nominal) than item. It simulates the peeing environment where persons ar invariably required to unite cognition in different shipway and increase their chthonianstanding in different countries.The angstrom unit gives you the chance to constitute your cognition and distrust of busy. The purposes of this faculty argon to enable you to rent the cognition apprehension and accomplishments you have been driveing in single faculties and utilize them in a complex, multifunctional state of personal matters.explicate a jobplace schooling demandsretrieve instructionsynthesise schooling adopt forrader originative solutions earn forth a well argued and back up study in chemical re puzzle oution to the job identified establish efficaciously in a sort out play efficaciously in a clip constrained state of affairs mull oer on the acquisition achieved through the mathematical functionIt is the vehicle through which you as a Masterss scholars basis read that you argon able to wo rk at Masters phase all consequence defined in the University s degree M form disciples should be functional deep down complex, unpredictable and usually specialised Fieldss demanding advance work which involves interrogationing the current bounds of cognition .2. How it worksYou must organize congregations of 8 to soak up down the work. You whitethorn take your ain stems to work with, but the duty is yours. Each group should incorporate disciples from the same award programme although pupils of concern and Management whitethorn take to work with whatever some other group, or may organize a group within their ain programme.You depart be given a concern scenario, together with a little record of chosen articles to read. This battalion of information entrust consist a job, issue or country of probe. The childbed of your squad is to make up ones mind on the issues, prepare the job and place information demands to deal out with the issues identified. We call this Enquiry Based Learning as you ordain be set uping yourselves exactly what to brass into.Your group leave behind so put out to bank plaster bandage up the information that you have identified as necessary. You should portion the information in the midst of the group members, as it is intended that the investigate routine pull up stakesing be extended.Following aggregation of the informations by the group, you will pacify a 12,000 words ( A 5 % ) study. This MAIN REPORT is INDIVIDUAL. Students are expected to utilize the information ga at that placed by the group to supply an single epitome of the job and appropriate actions to c everyplace with it. It may be that you provide a solution to the job or that you innocently analyze the dimensions of the job.Alongside the extremity of the old-timer study, you must bring forth an single worry study of 3000 words ( A 5 % ) . This meditativeness analysis will look at the number of the attempt. You should be self anal ytical each bit obedient as little of your group.3. Module TimetableFor Health and Safety campaign the category will be divided into four cohorts by class.Cohort ACohort BCohort CCohort DInternational agate line moving in & A Management ( general ) sellFinanceLogisticssE- trafficInformation SystemsSports & A LeisureEntrepreneurshipMonday 15th of June TimeRoomActivityCoachCohort9.30 10.45A004, commonalty SquareIntroduction to the ModuleVincent Ong and Peter Patrick each cohorts10.45 11.00Interruption11.00 13.00A004What is musing and why is it relevant? filch CarmanALL cohorts13.00 14.00Lunch ( You are on your ain Please return quickly )14.00 15.00A004Sourcing relevant information and citing it.Alan Bullimore & A Peter Godwin, Academic Liaison LibrarianALL cohorts15.00 16.30A004Formation of groups and allotment of nationalsVincent Ong and Peter PatrickALL cohortsTuesday 16th of June TimeRoomActivityCoachCohort9.30 12.30 handicraft codfish 1 ( J103 ) snip on undertak ing in groups/ depository library SessionssBusiness initiate faculty/ Business LibrariansCohort AInternational BusinessBusiness seedcase 3 ( J303 )Work on undertaking in groups/ library SessionssBusiness School provide/ Business LibrariansCohort BBusiness & A Management ( general )Selling13.30 16.30Business Pod 1 ( J103 )Work on undertaking in groups/ library SessionssBusiness School staff/ Business LibrariansCohort CFinanceBusiness Pod 3 ( J303 )Work on undertaking in groups/ library SessionssBusiness School staff/ Business LibrariansCohort DLogisticssE-BusinessInformation SystemsSports & A LeisureEntrepreneurshipWednesday 17th of June TimeRoomActivityCoachCohort9.30 12.30Business Pod 1 ( J103 )Work on undertaking in groups/ library SessionssBusiness School staff/ Business LibrariansCohort AInternational BusinessBusiness Pod 3 ( J303 )Work on undertaking in groups/ library SessionssBusiness School staff/ Business LibrariansCohort BBusiness & A Management ( general )Sellin g13.30 16.30Business Pod 1 ( J103 )Work on undertaking in groups/ library SessionssBusiness School staff/ Business LibrariansCohort CFinanceBusiness Pod 3 ( J303 )Work on undertaking in groups/ library SessionssBusiness School staff/ Business LibrariansCohort DLogisticssE-BusinessInformation SystemsSports & A LeisureEntrepreneurshipThursday 18th of June 9.30 12.30Business Pod 1 ( J103 )Work on undertaking in groups/ library SessionssBusiness School staff/ Business LibrariansCohort AInternational BusinessBusiness Pod 3 ( J303 )Work on undertaking in groups/ library SessionssBusiness School staff/ Business LibrariansCohort BBusiness & A Management ( general )Selling13.30 16.30Business Pod 1 ( J103 )Work on undertaking in groups/ library SessionssBusiness School staff/ Business LibrariansCohort CFinanceBusiness Pod 3 ( J303 )Work on undertaking in groups/ library SessionssBusiness School staff/ Business LibrariansCohort DLogisticssE-BusinessInformation SystemsSports & A LeisureE ntrepreneurshipFriday 19th of June 9.30 11.00A004, Park SquareWriting a studySteve Briggs, Learning Support private instructorALL cohorts11.00 11.30Interruption11.30 12.30A004Plagiarism and TurnitinUK ( Submiting your assignment electronically )Prof. Brian MathewsALL cohorts12.30 13.00A004Concluding inquiriesVincent Ong and Peter PatrickALL cohortsNote later June 19th, you will non get out into with your coachs. You should work with your squad in informations aggregation and entirely in composing up.4. transit in the assignmentDate for Submission Monday 14th September 2009Concluding entry of both constituents ( main(prenominal) base & A theoryful Report ) of the antiophthalmic factor and completion of programme. The assignment must be submittedTo the Modular Office at the Student Centre by 4pm with TWO severe copies* of your work and an electronic disc ( attached to one of the catchy transcripts ) .To TurnitinUK electronically via the BREO system ** ( Please submit harmonizing to your MSc Programme, see adjunct 5 on how to tummydid to TurnitinUK )Note* Please adhere the Main Report and ruminative Report together with a clear color page for each subdivision.** You have ONLY ONE opportunity to subject your concluding Main Report and meditative Report in TurnitinUK. Please submit individually. Include everything except appendices.5. Report FormatThe AMP simulates the character of undertaking that you will be have a bun in the ovened to make when you are employed. The Main Report has a recognised format, which you should utilize. backup Page Faculty Code, Topic, Your Name, Your Student NumberAcknowledgement Merely set these in if you have authorized aid from an outside extreme structure. There is no demand to thank your coachs.Table of Contents expenditure a consistent attack to totaling the subdivisions of your study.Executive Summary One side of A4 summarizing the cardinal points of your studyPurposes and Objectives This should subject the modal value in which you are undertaking the research set.Literature re assessment, Analysis and intelligence This is the chief organic structure of the study in which you demonstrate your ability to happen, measure, analyse and synthesise information to bring forth an original piece of workDecisions This is the subdivision where you summarise the old subdivision in such a way as to clearly supply a response to the inquiry be in the subject you were given.Recommendations If appropriate recommendations for action should be provided in this subdivision.Mentions All ancestrys from which you have quoted MUST be listed here in alphabetical order harmonizing to the Harvard referencing system.Bibliography ( optional ) Beginnings which you have read but to which you have non made specialised file name extension in your work should be listed here in alphabetical order harmonizing to the Harvard referencing system.Appendix/appendices are non a necessary portion of th e study. It/they contains back uping stuff you wish to supply but which is non indispensable to the apprehension of the chief study.Your study should be printed in Arial 12pt, 1.5 line spacing and edge.Note The above format does non use to Reflective Report ( refer Page 8 for the recommended manoeuvreers for Reflective Report ) .6. ReferencingMentions should be made to incurnings of stuff throughout the study. There are assorted conventions that stern be used for citing and finally it does non count which is used, every bit long as it is used systematically. Possibly the easiest and neatest convention is the following one, since it does non take up undue multitudinous in the textbook and thereby does non deflect from the flow of statements.Efficaciously, this convention gives adequate information in the text to let full designation of the beginning from the mention. An composer can be referred to in a figure of ways.In the instance where the writer is referred as stating bo th(prenominal)thing in an unquoted demeanorMaslow ( 1970 ) argues that .On the other manus, when citing unmediated ( shoot for citation ) and necessitating to impute the beginning is no longer a beginning of motive. ( Maslow, 1970, p 43 )Since the recognition mark is direct, it requires a precise page mention.The mentions list at the dorsum should detail all books, articles, etc, that have been referred to in the text, foremost by writer ( alphabetically ) and following by day of the month of publication. If the beginning is a book, these inside informations will be followed by the full rubric ( underscored ) , the topographic point of publication, and the print house, e.g.Maslow A H ( 1970 ) Motivation and Personality New York, Harper and RowAnother illustration office beLloyd P Jones A and Brown S ( 1984 ) Introduction to Psychology An Integrated Approach capital of the United Kingdom FontanaIn this case there are a figure of writers, and in the text with three or more wri ters you should utilize the trend Lloyd et Al. ( 1984 ) . The et Al is a shortening of et alia, a Latin term significance and others.Mentioning to journal documents in the text is the same process, but they are elaborate or else otherwise. In this instance it is the beginning diary or book that is underscored, the rubric of the paper looking in upside-down commas, e.g.Maslow A H ( 1943 ) A Theory of Human Motivation Psychological Review Vol. 50 No. 2 pp 370-396If an writer quoted has published two or more points in one twelvemonth, these should be distinguished surrounded by as followsAgee ( 1986a ) and Agee ( 1986b )Some time writers are non identified, but the book is published under the protections of an establishment, e.g. Institute of Personnel Management or The Royal Commission for . These should be listed under the names of the establishments.Proper referencing is a upshotant view of the thesis and, in some instances, it can do the difference between a base on bal ls and a fail. You are hence strongly advised to take peculiar attention over this..7. contemplativeness Analysis Report The wistful analysis study is designed to consolidate the pupil larning from the thesis jazz. It is designed to let pupils to analyze single and group experiences through critical considerateness. Students are advised to take some awareness of current theory and application of brooding drill.The followers should be taken into accounting in roll uping this study. First, the analysis is non about demonstratingHow perfect you areHow you ve done everything absolutely fairThat others have let you downSecond, the analysis is about what you have learnt from the experience, both person-to-personly and as a group.Contemplation under the undermentioned headers susceptibility be considered.IntroductionRemembrance of experiencesHow the study map worked. Diarised remembrance of cardinal phases and events in the germinatement of both the books reappraisal and th e integrated marketing program. Any peculiar internal crises or elements of enlightenment should be identified.In roll uping this component, pupils are advised to maintain regular and elaborate journals or logs.Personal feelings and larning from the experiencePersonal feelings sing the use and one s ain part to the experience. Designation of any specific personal jobs either with content, procedure or other group members. Identification of how issues were resolved and over what clip period.How, if at all, was my public monstrance compromised by the actions of others? How aptitude my actions have compromised the public presentation of others? Any other remarks sing personal feelings and acquisition.Group kineticss and larning from the experienceHow did the group respond to the procedure? Identification of any jobs with the group as a exclusively. How did the group dynamic assume? How did the group respond to you and your input? What new-made group penetrations evolved? How wou ld the other members of the group have regarded you? What more might the group, or persons within the group have done in work outing the job ( s ) ? What value was gained from the supervisory program audiences?Lessons for prospective undertakingsIdentify up to 5 cardinal lessons to break in your public presentation in future group activities and undertakings.DecisionGeneral decisions from the procedure.You might alike see the followersDo nt trust on your computer storage compile habitue detailed advancement logsBe prepared to talk issues and feelings with other members of the group construct for some uncomfortableness and hostile information Through foresight and hindsight you can derive insight. ( Hunt, N ( 2005 ) discourse Handbook )More elaborate information is given in Appendix 28. Plagiarism and LumpingWork presented by a pupil in an appraisal is expected to be the pupil s ain, and while citations from published beginnings are normally acceptable, such instances must be c learly identified and the beginning to the full acknowledged.As a guideline, verbatim ( direct ) citations should non transcend 5 % of your 12000 words in the chief study and 3000 words in the brooding study.Plagiarism isCopying balls of unascribed text from elsewhere, including downloading stuff from the cyberspaceIncomplete or in finished referencingCopying other pupil s workLeting others to chair entree to your work which they may copyPlagiarism is a earnest offense that will be punished. The University has set of ordinances to regulate how piracy is treated and you should do yourself acquainted(predicate) with these ( They are available on the web site ) . As a lower limit punishment, pupil who commits piracy will usually have a fail class, and this means that the undertaking must be taken once more and the pupil has to pay to make so. The offense is besides recorded and may be mentioned is mentions are requested.The ground we penalise plagiarism because it is frequently a signifier of larceny and the purpose in all instances is to lead on. It constitutes unethical behavior.Unitization is the use of goods and services of significant sums of other people s work which is right reference.Students whose work consists of a series of citations from other people s work, which is right referenced, are non iniquitous of misrepresentation. Nevertheless they are possible to neglect the faculty because they have non demonstrated that they are capable of the Master s degree accomplishments of analysis, rating and synthesis of thoughts. Recognizing the relevancy of other people s thoughts is merely a first twelvemonth undergraduate accomplishment.As you will detect in the session on plagiarism we have entree to package which compares work submitted by pupils with a database which is added to by every piece of work that is checked. As more universities join the strategy the database becomes more comprehensive..We now have a policy to look into every undertaking s o you are asked to manus in a disc with your work.9. Marker of The AssignmentYou will have a individual class for the Applied Management Project. The balance of the class between the undertaking and the brooding study will be reflected in the word count allowed for each subdivision.The Main Report carries 80 % of the grade and the Reflective Report 20 % .The tabular array in Appendix 1 shows the standards used to tag your workYour work will be dual marked, which is why we ask you to manus in two transcripts of your study. It will besides be checked for lumping and plagiarism, which is why we ask for a transcript on disc. If you do non supply what we ask, there will be a hold in taging your work which may take to a hold in obtaining your award. You should manus in TWO difficult transcripts of your work and an electronic disc. And you should besides subject your both chief study and brooding study electronically via BREO s TurnitinUK ( under the Assignments nexus ) .10. Coach Support ( merely available during the AMP hebdomad )You will NOT hold a personal coach in the manner of the old fashioned undertaking. A squad of coachs with a scope of capable specialism will back up your work during the AMP s group-work Sessionss. After June 19th, 2009, you will have no more tutorial aid. You will so be entirely with your group to finish the work. The coachs will work as a squad during the group-work Sessionss and will rede and operate you as you request ( i.e. counsel on literature reappraisal, utility(prenominal) research, research analysis etc. ) .During the AMP hebdomad, Academic Liaison Librarian will besides be about to supply support in academic sourcing and referencing.11. Administration Support over the SummerIf you have any general question, delight direct your electronic carry to amp beds.ac.uk neuternatively of the direct electronic mail of faculty leaders. This electronic mail will make all faculty leaders and one of the faculty leaders will termination you.Appendix 1 Applied Management Project Marking SchemePurposes and AimsThe AMP is designed to give pupils the chance to show their cognition and apprehension of concern every bit substantially as the accomplishments indispensable to effectual movement in a concern environment. In peculiar the purposes of this faculty are to enable the pupils to take the cognition, mind and accomplishments they have been developing in single faculties See below ) and utilize them in a complex, multifunctional state of affairs.explicate a jobplace information demandsretrieve informationsynthesise informationbring forth originative solutionsbring forth a well argued and supported study in response to the job identifiedwork efficaciously in a groupwork efficaciously in a clip constrained state of affairsreflect on the acquisition achieved through the procedureIt is the vehicle through which Masterss pupils can demo that they are able to work at Masters degree every bit defined in the University s degree M form Students should be working within complex, unpredictable and usually specialised Fieldss demanding advanced work which involves researching the current bounds of cognition. The work to be assessed is in two parts the first a 12,000 word study and the 2nd a contemplation on the procedure of making the assignment.Two taging strategies are presented one for each assignment.You should supply a secernate grade for each constituent.Assessment standards.There are two sets of sets of results which are identified in the M degree forms. The first are cognitive results and the 2nd are generic accomplishmentsBroadly talking the cognitive results can be evaluated through the study, whereas the brooding essay should give an penetration into the generic accomplishments. It is nevertheless, the instance that the generic accomplishments can besides be measured by the pupil s success or deficiency of it in bring forthing an equal piece of work.Cognitive resultsKnowledge and Understan dingShould be able to autonomously analyze new and/or abstract informations and state of affairss utilizing a broad scope of techniques appropriate to the subject ( s ) and to his/her ain research or advanced scholarshipShould be able to show a deepness of cognition and a systematic apprehension of his/her subject ( s ) , across specializer and applied countries, and be critically certified of and cover with complexness, spreads and contradictions in the current cognition base with assuranceAlthough the undertaking is based on secondary informations, there are legion beginnings academic diaries, newspapers, trade imperativeness, authorities studies, and books which the pupil can utilize every bit good as www.google.com The information may and likely will be contradictory. Students may cover with this by disregarding conflicting findings or by prosecuting in a argument to analyze the drive for the disparityA -The pupil provides a comprehensive reply that shows a clear apprehensi on of the extensiveness of the issues involved. The reply demonstrates the pupil s ability to supply a balanced response taking history of disparity and differences in the secondary informations. The answer clearly supports a position that the pupil has mastery over the capable affair.B -The pupil demonstrates a good apprehension of the issues involved and the relation of these issues to their concern specialism. They are able to pull strings thoughts good to bring forth a sound reply to the inquiryC- The reply demonstrates an ability to utilize thoughts which are easy accessible. No cubic yard of a pupil s causal agency to travel beyond the obvious. Discussion accurate but shoal. Correct citing for the most portionD- good trust on actually express mail set of ideas. Small understanding of any effort to roll up a broader scope of information. Discussion narrow and perchance non good argued or supported. .E Discussion lacks comprehensiveness. The pupil fails to show a breath ing apprehension of all the issues involvedF -Very little or no grand of the pupil s ability to appreciate a scope of different thoughts alternatively heavy trust on big balls of other s work. Referencingmay non be full and accurate but is present and the purpose is NOT tobase on balls work away as the pupil s ainSynthesis/creativityShould be able to autonomously synthesize information and thoughts and suggest new hypotheses, create original responses to jobs that expand or redefine bing cognition or develop new attacks to mend state of affairssA a good constructed piece of work which clearly demonstrates the pupil s ability to synthesize complex statements and to utilize the informations to come up with fresh solutions. It has a logical flow and The work will be good argued and the decisions will follow of course from the grounds presented. No uncertainty will be left in the reader s head as to their cogency.B a good constructed piece of work. Literature critically evaluated no n simply a precis. Good usage of secondary informations beginnings to back up the statements. Literature supports the treatment which has been developed from the information collected. The work will be soundly argued and the decisions will be mostly convertingC A scope of appropriate points made but more as a list so as a incorporate piece of work. Reader presented with bricks instead than constructing . The work will be moderately argued but the decisions will non be wholly convincing Secondary beginnings will normally provided to back up the points madeD A limited figure of points made with small effort to interrelate them to organize a consistent treatment. Poorly argued with instead flimsy decisions. The reader may good doubt that the decisions are valid.Poor usage of any external informations to back up the points.E Some grounds of an effort to supply an reply to the inquiry but deficient item to go through. No existent effort to travel on from a few pieces of information. Poorly argued and with decisions that merely do non follow from the grounds presented Chunking calls into inquiry the pupil s in depth apprehension of the issues presented..F A ergodic aggregation of statements based on the pupils ain point of position with no effort to utilize grounds to back up the statements. Alternatively, serious chunking .EvaluationShould be able to independently measure current research, advanced scholarship and associated methodological analysiss and suitably warrant the work of egos and othersA little group of pupils complained that they necessary more clip because of the mass of information available so under this heading the ability to be intimate worthwhile and less valuable information should be included.A The reply demonstrates the ability to cover with informations from a broad compartmentalisation of beginnings with a clear apprehension of its comparative value. There is clear grounds of the pupil s ability to critically measure thoughts and beginnings. Referencing is full and accurateB- A good scope of literature used from a wide scope of beginnings. The reply demonstrates grasp of its rightness. Full and accurate referencingC- Some grounds of critical rating of secondary informations. Correct citing for the most portionD- Indiscriminate usage of ( likely ) really limited information. Poor citingE Some effort to utilize secondary informations. No effort at measuring its dependability. Poor citingF -Very little or no usage of published work. Ill referenced if at allGeneric accomplishments resultsAlthough the generic accomplishments will to some extent be obvious in the end return of the concern study they should besides emerge from the brooding essay.Needs analysisShould be able to research the demands of a undertaking and formulate feasible proposals for run intoing these demandsA an first-class reply will show a comprehensive consideration of the issues and configure the response to enable different statements to b e presented in a logical order.B a good reply will construction the job in a logical manner showing a comprehensiveness of apprehension of the issuesC- an mean reply will demo consideration of some of the issues in a moderately consistent mannerD a wretched response will take a really narrow position and see a limited scope of issuesE- a referral reply will non see the issues posed in the inquiry in a coherent or elaborate manner,F a neglecting reply will non show an apprehension of the issues posed in the inquiryPerformance planning and directionShould be able to be after the undertaking, and run into their ain skill-development demands, and derive the necessary committedness from othersShould be able to pull off the undertaking, accommodating their escape as necessary to accomplish the quality of results requiredPresentation and EvaluationShould be able to show the results of the undertaking in a mode appropriate to the intended audience ( s ) and measure their boilersuit pub lic presentationThe Reflective ReportBased on the predating theoretical account, the undermentioned guidelines should be used for measuring the pupil s contemplationsIs the work complete?Is the work thoroughIs the work authentically brooding or simply a diarised history of the procedure?Does the work place both personal and group kineticss and development?Is there any grounds of associating the contemplation to theory?Is there grounds of existent acquisition from the thesis experience?Is there any grounds of feedback that might assist coachs better the experience for future pupils?Coachs are advised to take a holistic position of the pupils contemplations as the work is likely to be presented in a assortment of rather different signifiers. ( Hunt.N, 2005 )The undermentioned contemplation under the undermentioned headers might be considered by pupils.IntroductionRemembrance of experiencesHow the development procedure worked. Diarised remembrance of cardinal phases and events in th e development of both the literature reappraisal and the integrated selling program. Any peculiar internal crises or elements of enlightenment should be identified.Personal feelings and larning from the experiencePersonal feelings sing the procedure and one s ain part to the experience. Designation of any specific personal jobs either with content, procedure or other group members. Identification of how issues were resolved and over what clip period. How, if at all, was my public presentation compromised by the actions of others? How might my actions have compromised the public presentation of others? Any other remarks sing personal feelings and acquisition.Group kineticss and larning from the experienceHow did the group respond to the procedure? Identification of any jobs with the group as a whole. How did the group dynamic evolve? How did the group respond to you and your input? What new group penetrations evolved? How would the other members of the group have regarded you? What m ore might the group, or persons within the group have done in work outing the job ( s ) ? What value was gained from the supervisor audiences?Lessons for future undertakingsIdentify up to 5 cardinal lessons to better your public presentation in future group activities and undertakings.DecisionAppendix 2 Introduction to reprehensionUsed with the permission of the writer Dr Chris Johns,Faculty of Health and Social Science, University of Luton edit by Ann Mathews, Luton Business SchoolAim of the brochureTo increase apprehension and use of the brooding procedureAimsBy the terminal of this brochure you should be able toDefine brooding posture.Describe the process/stages of round contemplation into larning and Identify the accomplishments required to prosecute in brooding pattern.Recognise schemes, which may advance contemplation as a learning tool.ContemplationCan be defined as a technique for bout experience into acquisition or a manner for persons to go autonomous and job resoluti on.Other definitionsKolb ( 1975 ) say contemplation is cardinal to the procedure of turning experience into acquisition.Boyd and Fales ( 1983 ) suggest that The procedure of contemplation is the nucleus difference, whether a individual repeats the same experience several times between going proficient in one behavior, or learns from experience in such a manner that he or she is cognitively or affectively changed. Rogers ( 1986 ) said it was utilizing one s ain experience to supply acquisition, he said that self-initiated acquisition concerns the whole individual, both feelings and mind, and in this manner the acquisition becomes permanent and permeant.Reid ( 1993 ) said a procedure of reexamining an experience of pattern in order to provide, analyse and evaluate and so inform acquisition from pattern ( p 305 )What is Reflection?The complex and calculated procedure of believing about and construing experience in order to larn from it a witting procedure.Brooding acquisition is th e procedure of internally analyzing and researching an issue of concern, triggered by an experience, which creates and clarifies intending in footings of ego, and which consequences in a changed conceptual position ( Boyd and Fales 1983 ) .Contemplation IntroducedSo frequently in our every twenty-four hours lives we acquire caught up with the force per unit areas and demands, we react to state of affairss automatically and happen small clip to reflect on what we are making and why. In day-to-day life or on a demanding class pupils and staff may happen similar jobs. The force per unit area to finish assignments, larning new accomplishments, run intoing the demands of households and friends may look to go forth small clip to chew over one s personal and original development as one progresses through life or a class. One manner of taking clip to believe throughout experiences and to larn from them is to maintain a diary, or notes, on specific occurrences. Tthis allows contemplation du ring the physical composition or at a ulterior clip. Many people have been introduced into the brooding procedure by this mechanism. Holly and McLoughlin ( 1989.page 281 ) suggest that maintaining a personal/ professional diary isboth a manner to enter the journey of instruction and growth, and to see the procedures purposefully and sensitively. It is a method for researching our inner universes and histories of examining the educational and ethnic surroundings within which we teach and of asking into the significance of learning. Professional development provides the context within which appraisal and assessment reside and do sense .Brooding notes tend to be written at times of critical incidents.Holly and McLoughlin ( 1989 ) indicate several benefits of maintaining a diary, or notes, on a critical incident.Provides a stable record, which we can return to from a assortment of positions. Writing to reflect provides a cyclical procedure reflecting as you write and returning a t a ulterior day of the month to reflect on what has been written which may supply new thoughts for farther contemplation. Writing necessitates time out for contemplation. They argue that clip to reflect is non a luxury but a professional necessity.Forms and the subjects of life become evident over clip. We act on our situational perceptual experiences yet our perceptual experiences are dependent on what we see and experience. We tend to work on automatic pilot and therefore we may non be cognizant of the forms and subjects in our lives. Writing over clip makes seeing these subjects and forms viable.Learning from pattern can increase reason, self-knowledge and assurance. We need non maintain reiterating our errors and lickings. As we write about our professional pattern and note forms and subjects in the ways that we influence and are influenced by our fortunes we can larn more about ourselves. We can get down to understand why we do what we do and do unconscious behaviors wittin g so that we may alter it as appropriate. We can go more cognizant of our environment and the contexts in which we teach and can get down to expect and specify events instead than merely responding to them.Writing brings to conscious degree much that was tacit. As we write and play with thoughts and images other thoughts emerge, begin to blend together and we come to consciously cognize what we already knew tacitly.Writing provides a comprehensive and on-going database for professional development. Using words to depict our experiences in pattern additions our scope of linguistic communication available to depict our pattern to others. Through our authorship we may go more comfy and clear about our thoughts and can come in into treatment with others and so enrich our pattern. Used in this manner the diary mimics the research worker s diary as it accumulates a database for the survey of pattern. However single events can be written in a similar manner.Learning from ReflectionContempl ation is cardinal to the procedure of turning experience into larning. Boyd and Fales ( 1983 ) suggest thatThe procedure of contemplation is the nucleus difference whether a individual repeats the same experience several times between going proficient in one behavior, or learns from experience in such a manner that he or she is cognitively or efficaciously changed .Since this type of authorship is an basically procedure of larning from experience the ability to reflect on your experiences will be cardinal to larning.The use of ContemplationRecall an experience to mind as shortly after the event as possible and compose a brief description of what happened. The purpose with callback is to acquire in touch with what you experienced, it is of import non to measure or judge the experience, ( Cell,1984 ) . Following, take some clip to compose your ideas and feelings about the experience. This can be rather light hearted and relaxed. Let your ideas to flux spontaneously as you write. Whe n you have explored the experience you can get down to concentrate your ideas more specifically. The following are suggestions, which might turn out utile.What did you make good? How would you back up this belief?In retrospect is at that place anything that you would now wish to alter and if so why?What were you believing about during the experience?How did you act? How did other people behave?What did you ask to go on in the state of affairs? Make it turn out as you expected?What emotional or feeling responses did you hold and what caused you to experience this manner, did these impact your behavior?Were you aware of any social kineticss and how did these influence you? For illustration were you experiencing cross, hurried or happy?Did you do what you said you would make? If non what happened to alter your head? This can supply valuable cognition of state of affairss or be utile in future state of affairss.Did you learn anything new as a consequence of this experience which you c ould utilize in a similar state of affairs in the hereafter?Are there countries you feel you need to better or develop. If so what EXACTLY are they and how can you travel about this?Did this cognition aid you in developing new schemes in the hereafter?Did this experience aid you to derive greater conceptual apprehension?Did any of the theoretical positions help to broaden your consciousness or help your apprehension of what was go oning in this state of affairs?Is there an country of theory you need to brush up on or look up?Once you have finished authorship, read through what you have writtenThis can be undertaken at a ulterior day of the month if necessary. Are at that place any facets that you have taken for granted, set forth made opinions or inexplicit values being expressed that you were non cognizant of at the clip? You can utilize this reading to analyze these in order possibly to clear up, round off or modify any countries. Over clip you may get down to see familiar forms emerging as you read through what you have written.It is of import to see the brooding procedure as a critical duologue with your experience and with your observations on the experience. This gives you the chance to reflect on the utility of the premises you habitually make. You can see alternate ways of sing state of affairss. It is frequently valuable to discourse these thoughts with equals or those involved in the same experience.When you are composing in your diary or reflecting on an experience avoid utilizing over generalizations such as everyone knows , cipher does that or it is ever done that manner . When you are tempted to utilize these footings try replacing I , for illustration I do nt make that .These entries will enable you to see the opinions that you make about others and forms in the manner that you construe your experiences. These are more likely to be noted when you re-read entries after a period of clip has elapsed. By reflecting on several entries you can get down to place the concepts and standards implicit in your thought forms.Be cognizant of the ideas and feelings, which may be evoked when reading through the diary Through this procedure you begin to clear up, modify and develop the values, beliefs, standards and concepts which you use to construe your experiences.Clearly non all of these inquiries would be relevant in every state of affairs but is utile to acquire into the wont of inquiring these sorts of inquiries of your personal experience.It can be defined as a staged procedureFirst PhaseAwareness of a hard issue.Clear apprehension that an issue needs to be addressed, as the cognition the person was using in the state of affairs clearly was non effectual.Recognition of an accomplishment.Second PhaseA critical analysis of the state of affairs, affecting an analysis of feelings and cognition.Examination of how the person affected the state of affairs, and frailty versa.Third StageDevelopment of a new position. Outcome of contemplation is hence learningClarification of an issue.Development of a new attitude or manner of thoughtResolution of a job.Change in behavior.What qualities are needed to go a Brooding Practitioner/Learner?Skills NeededOpen mindednessMotivationCommittedness to alterRecognition of personal prejudicesReceptive to new thoughtsKeen to develop personal penetrationTime and energyBarriers to the development of brooding patternLack of clipLow moraleLack of the theoretical baseUnwillingness to develop self consciousness and penetrationLack of accomplishment developmentA wish to transport on as everNB. If you ever do what you have done earlier, you will ever hold merely what you have already got To summarize the standards for Contemplation on Practiceit is portion of ego assessment and ego consciousnessit is an geographic expedition of feelings as a consequence of experiencesit is depicting one s actions and depicting the results of actionsits placing what was worthwhile, what one would m ake otherwise and whyit is the analysis of this to explicate why things work good or non it identifies what acquisition has occurred, and evaluates knowledge degreeit identifies what farther acquisition is required, = self growing and personal and professional developmentThe voltage of Reflective Practice allows critical analysis and synthesisExamines the constituents of a state of affairsIdentifies and size up bing cognition, and how relevant this is to the state of affairs.Explores the feelings you have or had about the state of affairs.Challenges any premises you may hold had.Allows geographic expedition of alternate cognition and actionsAdvantages to the Practitioner/LearnerHelps you to do opinionsDevelops competency through critical contemplation onexperienceGenerates new cognitionGives authorizationDevelops a wider cognition of societal and semipolitical alterationExamples of theoretical accounts of ContemplationSchon ( 1983 ) provincesIn the varied topography of profession al pattern, there is high difficult trim overlooking a swamp. On the high demesne, manageable jobs lend themselves to solutions through application of research-based theory and technique. In the swampy lowland, mussy confounding jobs defy proficient solution. The sarcasm of the state of affairs is that the jobs of the high land tend to be comparatively unimportant to persons or society at big while in the swamp lie the jobs of greatest military personnel concern.To me, an educated individual, foremost and first, understands that one s ways of cognizing thought and making flow from whom one is. Such a individual knows that an reliable individual is no mere person, an island unto oneself, but is a being in relation to others, and hence is, at nucleus, an ethical being.Furthermore, a genuinely educated individual speaks and Acts of the Apostless from a deep sense of humbleness, witting of the bounds set by human finiteness and morality, admiting the grace by which pedagogue and educa ted are allowed to brood in the present that embraces retiring(a) experiences but is unfastened to possibilities yet to be .A Simple Model of Reflection1The remarkable ExperienceThe salient events 1 s behaviorthoughts / cognitionfeelings good / bad2The Reflective Procedure1. Describe the events. Avoid doing opinions2. Attend to experience good 1s or negative 1s. Casual fortunes or act uponing factors3. Re-evaluate the experience How it felt, self, others, clients Connect bing cognition and attitudes with thoughts and feelings from experience4. See alteration of cognition, attitudes, behavior for future usage Explore and dispute any premises you made3ResultEvaluation of the brooding procedure4Critical analysisA new manner of making something, or an alternate manner of covering with the state of affairs elucidation of an issue development of a skill declaration of a job, greater assurance in one s abilities changed set of precedences5Consequences Action Plan/ endsConsequences int o patternLearning demandsChanging pattern ( Koch 1989 )Future ExperiencesLinks theory to patternStop and take investment firm so advancement ( Kemmis 1895 )Enhanced degree of assuranceTo SummarizeBehaviour 1. Describing the events New PerspectiveIdeas 2. Addressing 1s feelings Changes in behaviorFeelingss 3. Re-evaluating the experience Commitment to actionThe experience 4. The brooding procedure ResultsDecisionLearning through contemplation topographic points control with the person Helps the person with the challenges of pattern. Experience is neer limited, and is neer complete. It is an huge esthesia, a sort of immense spider s web of the finest satiny togss suspended in the chamber of consciousness, and contagious every air borne atom in its tissue. Henry James 1843